Why is Russia referred to as “Holy Rus,” while its culture and politics are often explained through the notion of the “Russian soul”? Where did the myths of Moscow as the “Third Rome,” “eternal Russia,” and its supposed special historical mission originate? Why have Europeans so often perceived Russia through stereotypes and mythologies rather than objective knowledge? In this book, Alain Besançon offers a profound analysis of the historical, religious, and cultural ideas that shaped the image of Russia both within Russian tradition and in the European imagination.

Drawing on extensive knowledge of history, philosophy, religion, and literature, the author convincingly demonstrates how imperial concepts and political myths became instruments of influence and justification for expansionism. The subject is especially relevant in today’s geopolitical realities and in the context of Russia’s hybrid war against Ukraine. The book provides valuable insight into the origins of Russian political culture and the mechanisms behind its global ambitions.

Translated from French by Taras Marusyk.

112 pages. Hardcover.